REGIONAL ACTION PLAN BIELSKO-BIAŁA, SILESIAN VOIVODESHIP: Difference between revisions

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13. Improvement of quality of life in rural areas of Silesia requires financial support using for this purpose financial means from the state budget and granted within the EU aid. Structural changes, farms modernization and as a consequence the development of rural areas in Silesia should be co-financed from farmers own incomes which, however, have to be on a proper level, much higher than at present.
13. Improvement of quality of life in rural areas of Silesia requires financial support using for this purpose financial means from the state budget and granted within the EU aid. Structural changes, farms modernization and as a consequence the development of rural areas in Silesia should be co-financed from farmers own incomes which, however, have to be on a proper level, much higher than at present.


== Regional Level: ==
== '''Regional Level:''' ==


=== Vision of the rural areas development of the Silesian Voivodeship ===
=== Vision of the rural areas development of the Silesian Voivodeship ===
Line 195: Line 195:


=== Strategy for the rural development of Silesian Voivodeship 2030 ===
=== Strategy for the rural development of Silesian Voivodeship 2030 ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Strategic goals
!Specific goals
!Actions
|-
|A1. High competitiveness agricultural products of the region and development of agriculture using local environmental conditions.
|K.1.Increasing the profitability of agricultural  roduction.
K.2.Improvement of farm structure.
K.3.Synergic development of agriculture and  processing.
K.4.Development of agricultural specialisation - development of farms in niche directions of production.
K.5. Development of ecological agriculture and increasing competitiveness of ecological products.
K.6. Improving of cultivation and breeding culture.
K.7. Development of fishery and activities in fishery environment.
K.8.Finding new markets for agricultural products.
K.9.Increasing the use of research and innovation activities for agricultural development.
K.10.Adaptation of agricultural production to climate change.
|'''Information and cooperation networks'''
P1. Forum for information exchange and cooperation integrating institutions operating in rural areas.
P2. Organizing trans-regional cooperation aimed at development of agricultural specialization of the voivodship.
P3. Information, educational and organisational actions favouring consolidation
P4. Creating networks of producer-processor-consumer relations in the region.
P6. Study visits enabling exchange of experience and promotion of good practices in farm development.
P8. Various forms of training addressed to farmers and processors.
'''Production and marketing'''
P11.Setting up of agro-processing incubators oriented towards innovative companies and companies developing local products.
|-
|A3. Growing potential for the rural area economy to generate and absorb innovation.
|K.16. Implementation of innovative solutions in agriculture, forestry, ecology based on results of experiences of scientific and R&D institutions.
K.17. Increasing attractiveness of rural areas for companies with high innovation potential.
K.18. Using the potential of immigrant population for development of innovative activity of rural areas
|'''Information and networking'''
P30.Exchange of experience with regions and centers of high of innovation.
P31.Bank of good innovative practices implemented in the region.
P32.Database of innovation leaders.
'''Education'''
P33.Educational projects supporting creativity and innovativeness of inhabitants of rural areas.
P34.Contests on innovative themes.
P35.Supporting the development of modern vocational education with agricultural profile.
'''Innovation and technology'''
P36.Promoting assets in rural areas of the Silesia Voivodeship for innovative activities - natural conditions, communication links with agglomerations.
P37.Creation of new technologies based on the functioning of operational groups of the European Innovation Partnerships (EIP).
|-
|A5. Availability of amenities that enhance the business attractiveness of the rural area.
|K.22. Improvement of skills and qualifications of inhabitants (trainings, courses).
K.23. Implementation of pro-investment policy encouraging investors to invest capital in rural areas.
|'''Information'''
P43. Implementation of local and supralocal systems in the promotion of investment advantages and investor services in rural areas. rural areas.
'''Education'''
P44. Programmes supporting the development of vocational and entrepreneurial competencies of children and youth in rural areas.
P45. Trainings and courses supporting vocational retraining of inhabitants of rural areas.
|-
|B.1. Availability of public services and technical infrastructure enabling the development of residents in rural areas.
|K.26. Ensure a high level of education in schools at various levels.
|'''Education'''
P49.Educational programs in schools that promote the attractiveness of the rural area and strengthen the local identity of children and youth.
|}

Revision as of 08:01, 14 July 2022

D.T3.1.5 ARR SA

PDF version you can download here.

INDICE

  • Introduction - the national approach on Precision Agriculture
  • Regional Diagnosis of Silesian Voivodeship
  • Vision of the rural areas development of the Silesian Voivodeship
  • Strategy for the rural development of Silesian Voivodeship 2030
  • Possible action for then considerations and implementation.
  • Financial framework: European Funds Silesian Voivodeship 2021-2027
  • Lessons learned, conclusions and recommendations for policy makers

Introduction - the national approach on Precision Agriculture

The agricultural sector is currently facing major challenges to feed a growing world population in a sustainable way, whilst dealing with major crises such as climate change and resource depletion. At the same time there are major technological advances in the fields of robotics, nanotechnology, gene technology, artificial intelligence and machine learning, and energy generation, amongst many others.

There are many activities and strategied being implemented on the national level which are strictly related tot he agricultural and food production sector. However in Silesia Voivodeship there are no direct references in regional strategies and documents if we consider Precision Farming as such.

National Level:

The Strategy for Responsible Development for the period up to 2020 (including the perspective up to 2030) – SRD – was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 14th February 2017. It is an applicable and key document the Polish State in the field of the medium- and long-term economic policy. The document sets the goals fort he future development:

Specific objective I - Sustainable economic growth increasingly driven by knowledge, data and organizational excellence

“…Small and medium-sized enterprises are the basis of the Polish economy and this is why they should be provided with optimal conditions for development. Modern instruments for support of enterprises will be introduced and barriers to the development for entrepreneurship will be diminished, structural transformations will be supported in order to enhance the competitiveness of Polish farmers and agri-food producers…”

One of the 10 main strategic sector tofocus on is:

3) the sector of specialist telecommunication and information technologies (e.g. fintech, machine and building automation, cybersecurity, computer games or bioinformatics)

Which also includes agei sector and food production and processing.

More specific approach is defined in the document called “Strategy for Sustainalbe Development of the Rural areas, Agriculture and Fisheries 2030” that defines strategic goals:

Direction of intervention: I.2 Food quality and safety

Achieving and maintaining a high level of quality and safety of agri-food products based on domestic raw materials and products requires the maintenance of the highest level of scientific and research infrastructure, control system, agricultural and fishery production base.

Horizontal measures:

1.2.1. Supporting the production and distribution of high quality and innovative products, including traditional, regional and ecological ones - implemented also through sector development projects;

Direction of intervention: I.3 Development of innovation, digitalization and Industry 4.0. in the agri-food sector

The entities of the agri-food sector should participate in the next industrial revolution, which is determined by innovations (product, process, organizational, marketing), digitalization, satellite technologies, the Internet of things and Industry 4.0, which is a condition for maintaining and strengthening the international competitiveness of this sector. The development of innovative data processing technologies must take into account resilience to cyber threats and increased protection of information, in particular in the context of Big Data and the collection of data from a large number of geographically dispersed sensors (Internet of Things), while at the same time meeting the growing needs for high mobility of data collection, analysis and visualization systems. ICT has the potential to transform agriculture in many ways, including: the use of data from smart sensors in, e.g., weather conditions, soil quality, crop progress, or cattle health, to, among other things, track the overall health of the farm, the productivity of the people employed or the equipment (farm machinery) and solutions used, better control of internal processes by being able to predict the outcome of production, cost management and waste reduction in - through increased control over production, increased business efficiency - through process automation, control over the production process and maintaining higher standards in crop quality and growth capacity - through automation.

An increase in the number of active small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as agricultural and fisheries farms, implementing innovations and with higher efficiency and profitability than before, will avoid the middle-income trap and the average-product trap.

New technologies developed as a result of scientific research will also serve the sector's resilience to increased production and market risks and will facilitate reconciling the need for productivity growth with the need to meet societal expectations in terms of environmental resource protection, climate and provision of other public services.

Horizontal measures:

1.3.1. creation and implementation of innovative solutions in agriculture and agri-food processing sector, development of innovative agricultural products;

1.3.2. use of ICT in modernisation processes of the agri-food sector 1.3.3. implementation of research projects (national and international) oriented towards innovative solutions in the agrifood sector

1.3.4. implementation of a research and innovation management system in the scientific and research facilities of the agrifood sector, which can also be implemented in other sectors of the economy

1.3.5. dissemination and implementation of innovations in agriculture and increase of demand for innovations among producers and agri-food processing

1.3.6. stimulation of product innovativeness in domestic agriculture and agri-food industry aimed at satisfying the needs resulting from demographic processes taking place in the society and the necessity to prevent civilization diseases.

Complementary measures:

1.3.7. modernisation in agriculture and fisheries using the possibility of adapting the latest technologies, including inter alia automation, digitalisation, breeding and development of bio-economy;

1.3.8. Creation and implementation of innovative applications and open ICT platforms, which make it possible to provide remote advice, support agricultural producers or encourage users to cooperate actively (including knowledge exchange);

1.3.9. Digitalization in the field of agricultural policy instruments implementation facilitating development and dissemination of tools for optimization of production processes in farms;

1.3.10. implementation of a research programme for innovation (including from the EU framework programme) taking into account the specific nature of Polish agri-food sector (inter alia predominance of small and medium-sized entities, climate conditions) and strategic directions of animal and plant breeding, taking into account climate changes, resistance to harmful organisms or market requirements

1.3.11. Integration of the activities of science, education and development sector (including, among others, research institutes, agricultural universities and scientific units);

1.3.12. Stronger cooperation of the R&D sector with the production and processing sector, inter alia, through new forms of cooperation (e.g. operational groups for innovation of the EIP);

1.3.13. Improving competences and skills related to agricultural production and promotion and dissemination of knowledge concerning innovative solutions in the agri-food sector;

1.3.14. transfer of knowledge from the scientific sector concerning innovative solutions for reducing the negative impact of the fisheries sector on the environment, improving the condition of the environment and living resources

1.3.15. to increase the use of digital technologies in the framework of control and enforcement of the CFP (the use of drones in the control of marine fisheries, the use of satellite techniques for the measurement of breeding ponds)

1.3.16. Develop collaboration between farms and actors along the market chain, e.g. in the form of clusters, parks or technology platforms;

Direction of intervention: III.3 Increase of skills and competences of rural inhabitants

Skills and competences of inhabitants of rural areas will determine the possibility of taking advantage of new development opportunities connected with technological progress, innovations, market globalization, new value chains, including in the scope of bio-economy. They will also condition their competitiveness on rural and urban labour markets, determining their ability to take advantage of civilization progress.

Horizontal measures:

3.3.1. development of training services addressed to employees through modernisation of the offer of competence training (adapted to the needs reported by employees and employers), as well as the tools for co-financing a system of improving professional competences;

3.3.2. development of competence system concerning intergenerational succession for owners of family companies and craftsmen;

3.3.3. development of digital competencies - support in the area of education, learning, lifelong learning, flexible adjustment to individual needs of citizens, support addressed to groups with different levels of digital competencies, with particular emphasis on activities aimed at digital inclusion;

3.3.4. conducting educational and information campaigns for the dissemination of benefits from the use of digital technologies.

Complementary actions

3.3.5. raising the level of knowledge and acquiring new skills, which should translate into an increase in human capital and in the level of employment and entrepreneurship among the inhabitants of rural areas;

3.3.6. implementing lifelong learning policies aimed at facilitating transitions between jobs, up-skilling, entering or reentering the labour market (broad approach to learning, opening up learning for all, partnership for lifelong learning, open approach to qualifications, facilitating access to new careers, investing efficiently in learning)

3.3.7. strengthening the programme in the education of leaders in public and social life, including a system for identifying leaders in society and supporting their development, upgrading the skills and professional qualifications of those working in the agri-food sector and upgrading ICT and business skills;

3.3.8. Dissemination (both in the formal and non-formal education system) of knowledge on social economy;

3.3.9. Improving the skills of adults and their participation in education (including low-skilled persons), inter alia, through strengthening educational and vocational counselling, development of flexible community outlets for adults (especially in rural areas and small towns), promotion of other forms of adult learning (learning by doing, workplace learning and competence development through implementation of social activities), promotion of the benefits of lifelong learning and benefits of inclusion in the digital space, allowing to save time, money, effort and more efficient operation in various areas of life;

Regional Diagnosis of Silesian Voivodeship

The Silesian Voivodeship is a region located in the southern part of Poland, in the basin of the three largest Polish rivers: the Vistula, the Oder and the Warta. It neighbors on the Opolskie, Łódź, Świętokrzyskie and Małopolskie Voivodships and in the south it borders on the Moravian-Silesian Region in the Czech Republic and the Žilina Region in the Slovak Republic. Geographically, the area is characterized by a diversified geological structure and varied geographical and natural relief. There are mainly mountains - the Silesian, the Żywiec and the Little Beskids, uplands such as the Silesian Upland and the Krakow-Częstochowa Upland, intermediate areas such as the Silesian Foothills and the Rybnik Plateau, and lowland, forested areas of the Racibórz Basin, the Pszczyna Valley and the Lower Vistula Valley. The area of the voivodeship covers 12,333 km2 (urban area: 3,790 km2, rural area: 8,543 km2), which accounts for almost 4% of the country's area.


Silesia is one of the economically (12.4% of GDP) and demographically (almost 4.6 million people) strongest regions in Poland. It is the largest urbanized area in Central and Eastern Europe, with the highest average national population density and urban population ratio - 77%.


Due to its specificity and high industrialization, the Silesian Voivodeship shows the lowest share of agriculture in creating gross added value. This situation may slightly improve in the coming years.

The low share of agriculture in the creation of gross value added in the Silesian Voivodeship is associated with a large share of small and very small farms, which contributes to the deagrarianisation of agricultural production space. These processes are particularly visible in urban agglomerations and their adjacent areas.


The age structure of the population in the Silesia Voivodeship shows that the proportion of people in the post-working age will be growing, both in towns and in rural areas. This problem will concern rural areas to a much greater extent, because the migration of people in the post-working age from cities to rural areas is noticeable, which, together with the migration of people in the working age from rural areas to cities, additionally increases this percentage.


Silesian voivodship is a voivodship with a low unemployment rate - 2nd place in the ranking of voivodships with the lowest unemployment rate, with a decreasing tendency.

Most of the unemployed in Śląskie voivodship live in towns, i.e. 78%, and only 22% live in villages. Women constituted more than a half of the rural unemployed subpopulation.

The climate of the Silesian Voivodeship, like that of the whole of Poland, is characterised by transitions between a moderate maritime and land climate. Due to soil conditions and location, there is a high risk of drought in agriculture.

Agri land in ha in (2000 blue, 2006 red, 2030 green)

According to the forecast, the area of land designated for non-agricultural purposes (built-up and urbanised) is expected to increase between 2006 and 2030 by 38%, from 161 thousand ha to 223 thousand ha. At the same time, along with increasing forestation, this will result in a 16% decrease in the area of agricultural land - from 621 thousand ha to 524 thousand hectars.

Image2 PL.png

Arable land constituted on average 64.9% of the agricultural land in the voivodship (from 39% in the Bielsko subregion to 77% in the Rybnik subregion). The Bielsko-Biała subregion was characterised by the highest share of permanent grassland in the voivodship (26% of agricultural land), and the lowest share of grassland was in the Rybnik subregion - 11%.

Crop production.

The dominant position in the structure of crops in the region was occupied by cereals. They constituted 78% of all crops in the region, with a small differentiation in subregions. Only in the Rybnik subregion their share was lower (72%). The share of cereals in the crops structure in the voivodship exceeded the limits of rational crop rotation and management in the conditions of sustainable development. There was a slight increase in the area of industrial crops, which in 2010 accounted for only 8% of the sown area.

Agri-food processing.

In the Silesia Voivodeship there is a well-developed processing network of products manufactured in rural areas. There is a constant tendency to diversify the range of food products with increasing consumption of processed goods and quality requirements. In Silesia the largest number of producers of meat products, including ready-made meat meals - 203, followed by establishments cutting fresh beef - 182, producers of minced meat and raw meat products - 104, producers of processed or processed fishery products - 14 and 6 producers of dairy products (including ice cream).

Fisheries in the Śląskie Voivodship.

Fishing in the Silesian Voivodeship has a centuries-old tradition. At the turn of the 14th-15th centuries, at the junction of Silesia and Lesser Poland there was one of the two largest centres of pond fishery in Poland - the Rybnik-Oświęcim center. In the following centuries pond farming developed in the whole Silesian voivodship. Currently, most fish farms are located in the southern part of the region, although even in the north there are mainly trout farms. According to data from RRW-22 forms, collected by the Institute of Inland Fisheries in Olsztyn, there are 220 fish farms in the province with a total area of 5,879.2 ha.

Livestock production

The following trends are being observed: an increase in the number of cattle caused by the unsatisfied and growing demand for milk and dairy products with the concentration of production in large farms and in animal husbandry,especially after the abolition of milk quota, a slow increase in the stock of pigs and poultry - the demand for meat will grow more slowly, a general decrease in the number of horses with an increase in the stock for recreational purposes, the restocking of sheep mainly in Podbeskidzie and Jura Krakowsko- częstochowska.

Diagnosis smmary:

1.In our province there is a significant share of small farms, in which subsistence farming prevails. The most characteristic feature of agriculture in the region as a whole is the fragmented ownership of farms and land, which means that in many regions there is an anachronistic system, which in market economy conditions is inefficient and difficult to continue functioning. It is necessary to work on further consolidation of agricultural land in the province.

2. Cereals occupy the dominant position in the sowing structure. Industrial plants constitute only 6.7% of the sown area.

3. The Silesian Voivodeship is characterised by low and diversified animal density in subregions and farm area groups. However, a very high number of poultry in farm animal husbandry is distinguished.

4. Agriculture in many rural communes still constitutes an important source of income for the population. The diversification of the rural economy may occur faster only with greater involvement of non-farm economic entities. Small

farms will be forced to lease their land for economic reasons.

5. The growth of rural households in our voivodship was one of the highest in the country. Revenues from various forms of leisure and rural tourism, including agritourism, begin to play an important and increasingly important role in the sources of income of rural households.

6. Reconstruction of our agriculture means, inter alia, modernization of technical infrastructure of farms. Thanks to investments the number of modern specialist machines will systematically increase.

7. Animal production technology requires an increasing scale of production and financial outlays. Further development of animal farms will be confronted with barriers concerning environmental protection and neighbourhood.

8. In the Silesia Voivodeship, farms in the Jura Krakowsko-Częstochowska and Podbeskidzie regions are predestined for organic farming because of their small size and touristic attractiveness. The development of organic farms (new proecological technologies) should also be stimulated and supported by local authorities, especially in environmentally valuable areas.

9. The Silesia Voivodeship belongs to the regions with the biggest emission of dust and gas pollutants in Poland. The process of establishing industrial and energetic crops should be promoted on the most polluted areas. A key role in introducing environmentally friendly technologies is played by the system of state agricultural advisory, which disseminates and implements the principles included in the "Code of Good Agricultural Practice".

10. A small percentage of farmers has a chance of faster development of their holding through supporting investment undertakings with national and EU aid. A significant part of the remaining farms will perform the role of nature conservation, often running recreational and agritourism farms and will not be able to invest and generate income at a level guaranteeing economic viability.

11. In the Silesia Voivodeship, the highest economic viability is demonstrated by farms classified as agricultural types: horticultural crops and breeding of animals fed with concentrated feed.

12. In the Province of Silesia more attention should be paid to implementation of technological and innovative progress in plant and animal production, extension and modernisation of rural infrastructure, and increasing the share of processed products in the commodity production structure. It is necessary to further develop food industry in the context of conditions and specifications of the Silesia Voivodeship.

13. Improvement of quality of life in rural areas of Silesia requires financial support using for this purpose financial means from the state budget and granted within the EU aid. Structural changes, farms modernization and as a consequence the development of rural areas in Silesia should be co-financed from farmers own incomes which, however, have to be on a proper level, much higher than at present.

Regional Level:

Vision of the rural areas development of the Silesian Voivodeship

*(Śląskie Strategia Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich do roku 2030)

Rural areas of the Silesian Voivodeship in the perspective of 2030 will be characterized by the following positive features:

1. competitive, diversified economic structure developing around traditional economic activities for rural areas, in particular agriculture and food production; among strong specialisations of rural areas in the Silesian Voivodeship the leading role is played by modern agriculture developing in connection with processing activity, with ecological activity and special divisions of agricultural production; various types of tourism - including agrotourism, active, educational, spa, weekend, ecotourism - in which values of rural areas are combined with modern technologies, various complementary economic activities are developed and innovative use of the potential of agricultural and forest farms is made;

2. developing new economy sectors based on the use of unique values of rural areas, including natural and cultural ones, while maintaining their quality and innovations based on cooperation with cities: renewable energy production; care and rehabilitation services related to demographic changes; service and production activities whose competitiveness is based on access to clean natural environment;

3. Developing: scientific and research activities in ecology, agriculture, forestry, ethnography and other fields that are closely related to the activities and potentials characteristic of rural areas;

4. exceptional living conditions resulting from positive relationships between residents, the quality of the natural environment, a high sense of security, accessibility to services and amenities in rural areas, and accessibility to higherlevel services in easily accessible urban areas;

5. consolidated local communities nurturing their cultural and natural heritage and at the same time open to the future and creative, involved in the adoption and implementation of local policies;

6. specific, attractive landscape resulting from the high quality of the natural environment, well-preserved tangible cultural heritage, pro-ecological attitudes of the residents and consistent spatial planning;

7. well-developed internal cooperation networks, including strong relations between farms, broad intersectoral cooperation, structures and institutions combining the potentials of various entities, as well as projects created and implemented in partnership;

8. strong relations with cities contributing to knowledge and technology transfer, connecting producers with consumers, complementary use of potential in cities and rural areas;

9. communication openness to the surroundings, the components of which are: developed transport infrastructure, convenient connections by public transport, availability of ICT networks;

10. respecting the principles of sustainable and balanced development manifested by rational space management, full infrastructural equipment limiting anthropopressive phenomena, as well as high level of residents' responsibility for the natural and cultural heritage.

Strategy for the rural development of Silesian Voivodeship 2030

Strategic goals Specific goals Actions
A1. High competitiveness agricultural products of the region and development of agriculture using local environmental conditions. K.1.Increasing the profitability of agricultural roduction.

K.2.Improvement of farm structure.

K.3.Synergic development of agriculture and processing.

K.4.Development of agricultural specialisation - development of farms in niche directions of production.

K.5. Development of ecological agriculture and increasing competitiveness of ecological products.

K.6. Improving of cultivation and breeding culture.

K.7. Development of fishery and activities in fishery environment.

K.8.Finding new markets for agricultural products.

K.9.Increasing the use of research and innovation activities for agricultural development.

K.10.Adaptation of agricultural production to climate change.

Information and cooperation networks

P1. Forum for information exchange and cooperation integrating institutions operating in rural areas.

P2. Organizing trans-regional cooperation aimed at development of agricultural specialization of the voivodship.

P3. Information, educational and organisational actions favouring consolidation

P4. Creating networks of producer-processor-consumer relations in the region.

P6. Study visits enabling exchange of experience and promotion of good practices in farm development.

P8. Various forms of training addressed to farmers and processors.

Production and marketing

P11.Setting up of agro-processing incubators oriented towards innovative companies and companies developing local products.

A3. Growing potential for the rural area economy to generate and absorb innovation. K.16. Implementation of innovative solutions in agriculture, forestry, ecology based on results of experiences of scientific and R&D institutions.

K.17. Increasing attractiveness of rural areas for companies with high innovation potential.

K.18. Using the potential of immigrant population for development of innovative activity of rural areas

Information and networking

P30.Exchange of experience with regions and centers of high of innovation.

P31.Bank of good innovative practices implemented in the region.

P32.Database of innovation leaders.

Education

P33.Educational projects supporting creativity and innovativeness of inhabitants of rural areas.

P34.Contests on innovative themes.

P35.Supporting the development of modern vocational education with agricultural profile.

Innovation and technology

P36.Promoting assets in rural areas of the Silesia Voivodeship for innovative activities - natural conditions, communication links with agglomerations.

P37.Creation of new technologies based on the functioning of operational groups of the European Innovation Partnerships (EIP).

A5. Availability of amenities that enhance the business attractiveness of the rural area. K.22. Improvement of skills and qualifications of inhabitants (trainings, courses).

K.23. Implementation of pro-investment policy encouraging investors to invest capital in rural areas.

Information

P43. Implementation of local and supralocal systems in the promotion of investment advantages and investor services in rural areas. rural areas.

Education

P44. Programmes supporting the development of vocational and entrepreneurial competencies of children and youth in rural areas.

P45. Trainings and courses supporting vocational retraining of inhabitants of rural areas.

B.1. Availability of public services and technical infrastructure enabling the development of residents in rural areas. K.26. Ensure a high level of education in schools at various levels. Education

P49.Educational programs in schools that promote the attractiveness of the rural area and strengthen the local identity of children and youth.